Articoli di revisione Open access

Esiti respiratori durante l'uso della cannula nasale ad alto flusso in pazienti con ustioni gravi e lesioni da inalazione: una revisione sistematica

Autori

Pubblicato
11 marzo 2026
Fascicolo
V. 43 N. 1 (2026)
Sezione
Articoli di revisione
DOI
10.4081/scenario.2026.656

Abstract

Introduzione: i pazienti con gravi ustioni e lesioni da inalazione spesso necessitano di ventilazione meccanica per il supporto vitale. Le cannule nasali ad alto flusso (HFNC) sono dispositivi non invasivi che possono migliorare i parametri respiratori. Tuttavia, vi è una mancanza di conoscenze sull'uso delle HFNC nei pazienti con gravi ustioni. Lo scopo del presente lavoro è quello di descrivere i risultati respiratori in pazienti con gravi ustioni e lesioni da inalazione sottoposti a ossigenoterapia tramite HFNC.

Materiali e Metodi: è stata condotta una revisione sistematica seguendo le linee guida Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA). Sono stati inclusi studi incentrati su pazienti adulti con gravi ustioni e lesioni da inalazione trattati con HFNC; sono state escluse le popolazioni pediatriche e gli studi secondari.

Risultati: su 796 record esaminati, tre serie di casi e un caso clinico hanno soddisfatto i criteri di inclusione e sono stati inclusi. I risultati hanno dimostrato che gli HFNC hanno influenzato in modo significativo i principali esiti respiratori, tra cui il miglioramento del rapporto P/F (PaO₂/FiO₂), la riduzione della frequenza respiratoria e il successo dello svezzamento dal supporto ventilatorio.

Conclusione: l'uso dell'HFNC sembra sicuro e potenzialmente benefico per migliorare lo scambio gassoso nei pazienti con ustioni gravi e lesioni da inalazione. Tuttavia, le prove complessive rimangono limitate. Sono necessarie ulteriori ricerche per confermare la sua efficacia e stabilire il suo ruolo nella cura standard delle ustioni.

Parole chiave

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