Articoli di revisione Open access

La rilevazione dei fattori di rischio per lo sviluppo di infezioni del flusso sanguigno correlate al catetere e trombosi correlata al catetere in pazienti portatori di catetere venoso centrale a inserimento periferico: una scoping review

Autori

Pubblicato
31 ottobre 2025
Fascicolo
V. 42 N. 4 (2025)
Sezione
Articoli di revisione
DOI
10.4081/scenario.2025.635

Abstract

Introduzione: negli ultimi decenni, il catetere venoso centrale ad inserimento periferico (Peripherally Inserted Central Venous Catheter, PICC) è stato riconosciuto come un dispositivo di accesso vascolare efficace e sicuro. Nonostante i grandi vantaggi, i PICC non sono esenti da complicanze. Quelle più note includono le infezioni del flusso sanguigno correlate al catetere (Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infections, CRBSI) e le trombosi venose correlate al catetere (Catheter-Related Venous Thrombosis, CRT). In letteratura c’è ancora poca sintesi sui molteplici fattori connessi a queste complicanze e molta eterogeneità nei tassi di CRBSI e CRT. Questa scoping review mira a identificare le cause che determinano l’insorgenza di complicanze.

Materiali e Metodi: sono state consultate le seguenti banche dati: PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus e Web of Science. La selezione degli studi e l'estrazione dei dati sono state eseguite in modo indipendente da due autori.

Risultati: 19 articoli finali hanno permesso di identificare i fattori correlati all’impianto, al paziente o al management che incidono sull’insorgenza delle complicanze. La tecnica di inserzione, la tipologia del dispositivo vascolare, la patologia e la terapia del paziente sono risultati fattori chiave nello sviluppo dei tassi delle complicanze.

Discussione: la conoscenza della molteplicità dei fattori determinanti le complicanze da PICC è essenziale per migliorare la pratica clinica e gli outcome dei pazienti. Servirebbero ulteriori studi per analizzare quanto l’esperienza degli impiantatori incida sulle complicanze. 

Parole chiave

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