Articoli di revisione Open access

La valutazione della cefalea da parte dell'infermiere di pronto soccorso: revisione narrativa di letteratura dei principali red-flags e modelli di triage

Autori

Pubblicato
19 marzo 2025
Fascicolo
V. 42 N. 1 (2025)
Sezione
Articoli di revisione
DOI
10.4081/scenario.2025.597

Abstract

Introduzione: la cefalea rappresenta una condizione frequente nei pazienti che accedono in Pronto Soccorso, ma la valutazione della sintomatologia è basata sull’esperienza e non sempre avviene in modo codificato. I Red-Flags rappresentano i punti chiave da utilizzare nella valutazione della sintomatologia, ma la loro presenza non è sempre contemplata nei principali modelli di Triage.

Materiali e metodi: è stata condotta una revisione di letteratura su 11 Banche Dati, finalizzata ad identificare i principali Red-Flags relativi alla cefalea e la loro presenza nei principali modelli di Triage.

Risultati: dai 19 risultati inclusi, è emerso che i Red-Flags della SNNOOP10 – la sincope, le crisi convulsive e l’esposizione da monossido di carbonio – sono utili nell’identificazione di patologie secondarie alla cefalea. Di contro il dolore, la rigidità del collo, l’accentuazione della cefalea, la febbre e la cefalea progressiva/atipica si dimostrano di non chiara utilità. Le valutazioni di pressione arteriosa ed esami ematici possono essere utili per identificare cause gravi. Rispetto ai modelli di Triage, la flow-chart del Gruppo Formazione Triage è quella che contempla maggiormente i principali Red- Flags individuati.

Conclusioni: la cefalea rappresenta una condizione frequente nei pazienti che accedono in Pronto Soccorso e considerare i Red-Flags risulta fondamentale per una corretta valutazione della sintomatologia.

 

Parole chiave

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