Articoli di revisione Open access

La gestione infermieristica e la prevenzione delle complicanze nel paziente portatore di dispositivo di assistenza ventricolare Impella

Autori

Pubblicato
4 aprile 2024
Fascicolo
V. 41 N. 1 (2024)
Sezione
Articoli di revisione

Abstract

Introduzione: recentemente l’utilizzo del dispositivo di assistenza ventricolare Impella nei pazienti con insufficienza cardiaca acuta, ha riportato benefici tali da incrementarne l’utilizzo. Tuttavia, le complicanze correlate al dispositivo Impella sono molteplici e di diversa entità. A fronte di ciò, risulta fondamentale la centralità della professione infermieristica adeguatamente formata per garantire la corretta assistenza al paziente portatore di tale dispositivo in qualsiasi circostanza.

Scopo: lo scopo dello studio è quello di individuare le complicanze associate al paziente portatore di dispositivo Impella e i relativi metodi di monitoraggio, gestione e prevenzione nei quali la professione infermieristica è chiamata ad agire.

Materiali e Metodi: è stata svolta una revisione della letteratura presente nelle principali banche dati online, quali Pubmed e Google Scholar, degli ultimi 10 anni ed è stato utilizzato il metodo PIO per lo sviluppo delle parole chiave.

Risultati: dalla ricerca effettuata sono stati selezionati 29 articoli. Da tali articoli risulta che le complicanze più comuni correlate al dispositivo Impella riguardano il sanguinamento, la lesione vascolare e l’ischemia dell’arto ma è da considerare meritevole di attenzione anche la complicanza infettiva e di emolisi.

Conclusioni: dall’analisi delle complicanze, riscontrate in letteratura, si deduce che tali condizioni richiedono formazione specifica degli infermieri di area critica anche attraverso simulazioni e check list vista l’assenza di linee guida o protocolli comuni a livello internazionale per la gestione del paziente portatore di Impella. Nello studio si suggerisce una check list redatta sulle evidenze riscontrate in letteratura.

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